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BjurstromMF, Nicol AL, Amid PK, et al. Pain control following inguinal herniorrhaphy: current perspectives
Journal of Pain Research 2014: Table 1 Risk factors for chronic postherniorrhaphy inguinal pain
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Preoperative factors
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Young age3,9,24,35,36,43
Female sex3,9,24,35,36,43
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High pain intensity level (inguinal/elsewhere)3,9,24,35,36,45
Lower preoperative optimism49
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impairment of everyday activities42
Operation for a recurrent hernia2,9
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Genetic predisposition (DQB1*03:02 HLA haplotype)59
Experimentally induced pain High pain intensity 42
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Perioperative factors
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Less experienced surgeon9
Open repair technique9,11,35,36,42,50
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Mesh type: heavyweight (open,37 laparoscopic38)
Mesh fixation: suture 40,41, staple 39
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iiN neurolysis in Lichtenstein repair45
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Postoperative factors
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Postoperative complications (hematoma, infection)35,36
High early postoperative pain intensity9,42
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Lower perceived control over pain49
Sensory dysfunction in the groin24,42,45